托福写作技巧

托福写作技巧

托福写作技巧1

　　任何英文学习（语言学习）都需要模仿，只有不断地模仿/抄袭，才可以熟能生巧，在考场上写出灵活多变的句子来，但是如何抄出好成绩也是有很多技巧和注意事项的。

　　首先，很多所谓的权威书籍并非权威，里面的八分范文并非八分。一位专家曾拿过国内一本赫赫有名的书给国外的老师看。他们看后纷纷摇头，说不知所云。这种文章尚且可以蒙骗语言经验尚浅的学生，却不可以蒙骗考官。学生即使背得滚瓜烂熟，也不过是背一篇不及格的文章而已。再说，目前中国人写的文章极少有考官愿意多看一眼的，更别说会够到被人珍藏的级别。

　　其次，即使范文够上了级别，学生是不是完全背下来了，背得恰当与否又是不得而知。有的学生背了片言只语，然后融合自己写的.一堆病句错句，分数不理想就开始怀疑考官是否打击模仿范文的考生。又或者，考生死记硬背，看到题目类似就誉写上去，而没有考虑到题目修改所带来的变化，试问一篇文不对题的文章如何得六分？

　　再者，语言都是模仿而来，包括考官本人的英文知识也是日积月累地模仿而来。对一件事情的描述其实大同小异，因此如果描述得当，文字上有雷同并不奇怪。考官不会期待着你对一件事物有前无古人，后无来者的叙述；反之，他只会接受外国人所遵循的一种普通的，常见的叙述方法。换言之，如果你的描写接近英文的一般模式，你就会得高分。再简单一点说，你抄得越象，越容易得高分。

　　可见，灵活运用，融会贯通才是我们应该努力掌握的。

托福写作技巧2

　　yasIELTS WRITING SKILL

　　Ⅰ简介

　　1.结构

　　Tack 1:图表题(20min 150~180words 1/3)

　　Tack 2: Essay (40min 250~300words 2/3)

　　2.评分标准(Rating Mechanism/Criterion)

　　(1)字数:250words 9~15sentences 20~30words/sentence

　　(2)Fabric/Organization

　　4~5paragraphs

　　①Introduction (2~3sentences):导入问题、观点和态度

　　②Main

　　③Body

　　④

　　⑤Conclusion:与开通呼应

　　(3)切题

　　手段问题的摆出与观点或写作目的及命题相关，即不能写于主题无关的句子。

　　注意：

　　①不用some people

　　②不要引用名人名言。

　　③Main Body段落的主旨句往往为首句，且要出现命题的核心词或其近义词。

　　(4)衔接（句与句间的逻辑关系，包括从句与主句的关系）

　　过渡（段落间的起承转合）

　　(5)与法语拼写

　　正确率在97%以上，即错误处<8

　　(6)句法复杂

　　复杂句>70% ①定于从句:sb,a sth,who does sth,is sb

　　②主语从句:That…, is a…

　　③状语从句:Because Although

　　(7)句型多变 ①强调句:It is … that/who…

　　②倒庄句:Not…until…

　　③比较结构:平行、对称

　　④分词:Ex:⑴Analyzing this issue from macroeconomics angles, scientists claim that it looms large (严重).

　　⑵Analyzed from historical angle/perspectives…

　　↑Band 7

　　(8)词汇

　　注意近义词的使用

　　↑Band 8

　　(9)习语、成语、修辞

　　ⅡIntroduction (2~3sentences)

　　(1)Problem/Issue:

　　①陈述句或设问句

　　②不能照抄命题

　　③在提出问题前可陈述与命题有关的现象（不超过一句）

　　(2)Points(反/正/中)

　　(3) Examples:

　　①What roles does tax, regards of its various forms, play in the development of a nation and an individual tax player. On the basis/strength/ground of my understanding/experience/knowledge, it hinders and hampers （阻碍/押头韵） human well being（人类福利）.

　　②05-6-11

　　What is the relationship between architecture and culture identities? Will constructing buildings in conventional styles contribute to the preservation and or protection of the so-called culture ,a term with rather elusive (难以捉摸) and even controversial senses. A voice advocating such a practice is prevailing (流行)/dominating（控制）the public. This concept, nevertheless, is dubious /problematic.

　　③05-7-9

　　Do health care and education fall in the responsibilities of a modern government, which has been universally considered to protect basic human rights?

　　④05-8-13

　　Crimes are a formidable social issue that confronts almost each and every modern civilization. Moreover, the reasons why some human individuals commit crimes are yet to be discovered, because how to prevent children from becoming criminals looms large.

　　⑤05-10-15

　　It is a fact that distinct dissimilarities in education and health conditions exist between rural and urban areas. These gaps, however, are not necessarily bridged by sending teachers or doctors to rural areas. This is because each individual has human rights and liberty in selecting job site. This essay thus attempt to offer insights into these issues.

　　⑥ 05-5-28

　　What is a sound relationship between the curricula (pl. for curriculum) in high education institute and job markets/employment? It has been traditionally held that high education should be isolated from/independed upon job markets. Although such a theory has not totally distaste (扭曲) or deformed (畸形) the whole picture. The interdependence between the two social elements must be emphasized.

　　否定：

　　①This argument goes against/to far facts and figures.

　　②This argument suffers formidable logic drawbacks/flows/fallacies in reasoning.

　　③Not only such a theory dubious in reasoning, but also it is misleading as far as…is concerned.

　　肯定：

　　④In fact the affirmative answer to this question is self-evident / well-supported / substantiated / championed.

　　⑤Much/Rich evidence in the course of human events lends/offers solid ground to this argument.

　　⑥

　　ⅢPoints 分析方法

　　(1)分类、外延

　　Examples: 06-8-12 The relationship between language and culture.

　　Language ①Listening & Speaking A1 ① Culture

　　②Reading & Writing A2 ②

　　③Switch (Translation) A3 ③

　　(2)Paragraph Fabric

　　①What

　　Topic sentence (1~2): ⅰ为判断句:Y/N Pro(正)/Con(反)

　　Outline the main idea of the whole paragraph ⅱ句法结构在正确的基础上求复杂

　　ⅲ引出份论点

　　②Why(1~4)

　　ⅰ原因分析

　　ⅱ解释（时间、空间、定性、定量、下定义）

　　ⅲ具体化

　　ⅳ预测后果（正/反）

　　ⅴ论据（无法充分论证时使用）

　　a.试验、统计数据

　　Examples:

　　①statistics (pl.统计数据 statistic统计学) show that...

　　②a study/survey conducted/carried out by my university between 1997~20xx in my hometown shows that...

　　b.例子（生活中的.本民族的或自己的例子）

　　Examples:

　　①my own/in person experience in New York during 1998~20xx serves as a typical/convening/telling and moving (晓之以理，动之以情) example/a case in point

　　②history is rich in evidence supporting these, for/take China as a case in point

　　ⅵ原因句型

　　a.单一原因表达

　　①This phenomenon has been traditionally contributed to the fact that/a assumption that…

　　②The main reason ,as universally accepted on the stage of/in the field of…,is that…

　　b.双原因的表达

　　①This is partly because…, and partly because…

　　②This is more because…than because…

　　③Two major reasons are frequently acknowledged. For one thing…, for another (, still another…)/on one hand…, on the other hand…

　　c.解释句型

　　①this means that…

　　②put it in other words…

　　③put it simply…

　　④that is to say…

　　④implied in this assertion (说法)/rhetoric/theory/argument/statement is that…

　　Examples:

　　①06-8-12

　　To be familiar with/to a culture and its life style is essential (indispensable/vital) to the learning of language that expresses such a culture, especially as far as listening and speaking skills are concerned. This is because listening and speaking whatever the contents, occur in a specific social setting (社会背景). But any social setting is subjected to (受…的制约) the culture and life style. For instance, “thank you” symbolizes that in the western civilization, happiness, liberty and life is (看作不同事物时用are，看作一系列事物时用is) highly emphasized. By contrast, “妈的” clearly shows that the traditional Chinese culture is characterized by “unhappy” rank-and-the-file (老百姓).

　　②05-4-16

　　The evolution of English into the global language has deeply reshaped the social and economic fabric/landscape. It is the language of English that bridges the east and the west, ending long period icy “cold times”(冷战). Moreover (过渡词) English accelerates/boosts the sustainable (可持续的) economic development in both developing and developed countries. In that (=because) it creates immense/massive job markets, helping a myriad (=a lot of) of those who would otherwise be unemployed. In addition, in terms of international relationship, English has remarkably united isolated nations with striking different political ideas.

　　Ⅳ常见的Topics

　　(1)Governor

　　政府应该怎样花钱

　　Useful words:

　　①eradicate：根除

　　②eliminate：消除

　　(2)Environment

　　Useful words:

　　①environment=ecosystem=biota

　　②green house effect

　　③Ozone depletion：臭氧层消耗

　　④Water and soil erosion：水土流失

　　⑤irrigation：灌溉

　　⑥chemical fertilize, pesticide

　　⑦global warming

　　⑧glacier：冰川 sea level

　　⑨habited：栖息地 biodiversity：生物多样性

　　(3)Education

　　Useful words;

　　①scientific

　　②humanities

　　③pure art

　　(4)分析层面

　　①Physical health

　　②Psychological balance

　　③Career development survive

　　thrive

　　④Academic achievement

　　⑤Ethic & Moral, Aesthetic value

　　Example:

　　06-9-23

　　To be committed oneself to (投身于) the well-being of a community in which this very individual survives and thrives virtually benefits the development not only of the society as a whole, but, more vital of the specific person. Volunteer jobs build the physical health of young adults in that both out-door and in-door jobs demands more physical exercise than classroom learning. In addition, such jobs construct/foster (培养) their moral and ethic values, and the aesthetic tastes as well. Why? It is easy to understand. Through doing unpaid jobs for the sack of others, young adults understand the quintessence （本质 quint：第五；essence：本质）of life: to give rather than to receive and get.

　　Furthermore, the positive impacts harvested from the young volunteers go far beyong the development of each volunteer on the community or society as a whole, they are brilliant, colorful, and significant. For one thing, volunteer jobs directly generate profits to the community, contributing to the economic development. Statistics indicate that my community, on average, gleans（收获）more than ~$ annually from volunteer jobs.

　　For another, volunteer jobs generally focus on environmental protection/campaign against environmental pollution.

　　To sum up/conclude/In conclusion, it is beneficial for young people, including juveniles and adolescences/puberty to do volunteer jobs. But, I cast a skeptical eye on (=suspect) the argument that all young people must do volunteer jobs, because it might be harmful to some individuals or families.

　　Ⅴ图表题

　　首段为信息段，说明研究的时间、地点、内容和对象。

　　Examples:

　　①06-1-14

　　This graph shows /gives the information that three stages involved in recycling of the Used Glass Bottles.

　　The first stage is rather simple. UGBs are put into rubbish cans, from which they can be moved/shipped by trucks to factories.

　　The second stage, however, seems to be somewhat complex/sophisticated in that it consists of several/numerous specific steps. To begin with, UGBs are washed by HPW. After this, they are classified according to color into 3 groups: G, B and C. Then each group UGBs are broken into tiny pieces which are melted/heated in the furnace. From the furnace comes liquid glass. Together with new liquid, this glass liquid is next moulded into new glass bottles. Here ends the second stag.

　　In the third stage, newly abreacted bottles are fulfilled with consumer goods. And they are packed and transported into supermarkets, where a new cycle begins.

　　Clearly, through these stages, UGBs have been well reused. However, how much glass can not be recycled is unavailable only on the basis of this graph.

　　②03-9-6

　　This picture reveals the differences/dissimilarities in…between CC and WC.

　　The main difference is in window design. In CC, the window is not set towards to the direction of the sun. But in WC, one room is equipped with 2 windows built two opposite aspects. During day time, windows are closed and covered. At night, however, they are open making ventilation possible so that the store heat can be removed.

　　Another difference is in roof style which CC cares for/demands HA roofs. WC roofs have over-hang pasts designed to form shade.

　　Still another difference is the materials. In CC, the interior walls are of thermos-building material. By contrast, the exterior walls are constructed with insulation: the roof uses heat-storage and heat-loss-reduction material. Nevertheless, roof in WC adopts/employees

　　external and internal insulation. Besides, reflection materials are utilized.

　　To sum (up)/To conclude, WC and CC are not the same in terms of house-design.

　　③03-9-20

　　Two possible sites for the supermarket are marked in the graph, which also indicates the potential pros and cons of each of the two: S1 and S2.

　　④剑3 P50

　　This bar chat illustrates the sum/the amount of money spent by each of the four countries in the each of the six kinds of consumer goods.

　　British eclipses/dwarfs/out number/out way/surpass the other three nations in terms of the amount of money understudy.

　　[⑴None out neighs Britain as far as the sum of money is concerned.

　　⑵Britain ranks next to none in terms of….]

　　Precisely, P.F. costs Britain about …, the maximum. PC by contrast, ranks…in the list of British spending.

　　In 1, 2 and 3, the money spent by France is lower than that by other countries. Similarly, German spends the least in 5 and 6. Put it in details…

托福写作技巧3

　　托福考试写作应试关键点详细整理如下。新托福写作部分往往是中国考生的弱项之一，相对于阅读和听力，托福写作部分需要表达更多的自我想法，学生需要根据已定题目来发表自我想法，我们应该怎样更好地表达自己的看法呢?下面小编和大家一起看看新托福写作的方法。

　　新托福考试是一门语言类考试，而不是一门测试逻辑思辨能力的考试，它的所有题型的最终目的都是测试应试者的英语的应用能力。想要迅速提高新托福写作成绩，就需要有以下几点能力：

　　第一，英语语法基础。

　　语法一直是中国英语教育的核心，对于中国学生来讲一般不是太大的困难。而且新托福写作对于学生的语法要求不会很高，在懂得主谓宾正常的构句规则的基础上，加上对各种从句以及几个特殊句式(强调句、倒装句)的运用，就足以应付托福写作。

　　第二，文章结构最重要。

　　托福写作通常是一个五段三点式的写作，通常我们也叫鱼骨头(Fish Bone)式。这样的结构就是最为普遍的议论文结构，开头段+中间三段+结尾段。千万不要小看这样的结构，以为这样的结构过于简单，过于八股。其实，新托福写作考查的也就是考生是否会熟练运用这样的结构去表达自己对一个观点的看法。美国的高中生会专门用一年的时间来学习这样的结构。所以在准备新托福写作的时候，应该特别注意要熟练运用五段三点式这样的`结构。

　　第三，语言的多样性。

　　语言多样性分为句式的多样性和词汇的多样性。新托福写作考试说到底，还是在考查学生的语言能力。文章结构就是一个人的骨架，那么剩下来的工作就是需要往这具空空的骨架中添加进生动的血肉，这就是我们的语言了。新托福写作考试对于考生的语言水平最基本的要求是没有太多的语法错误，也就是考生所犯的语法错误不会影响到文章的理解。在这个基础上，新托福考试还要求学生会熟练运用一些句式、词汇，使文章看起来很native。

托福写作技巧4

　　托福写作技巧：合适的理由

　　A、什么是合适的理由？

　　a. 理由要切题，不能和所讨论话题无关、或关联太小。

　　比如：图书馆投资书还是计算机话题，有人说买计算机好是因为：计算机的屏幕看起来很舒适，而且可以越做越大（图书馆是用来获得的，大屏幕计算机有点奢侈吧？不是主要理由）；有人说计算机对现代人很重要找工作都要求计算机能力，所以投资计算机。（这个干脆就跑题了。他应该是用来说明大学里开始计算机课是必须的这个话题的。）

　　b. 理由不能过于道德低下，也不能过于高尚。

　　比如：用计算机打字好还是笔写好，有人说打字好，这样写恐吓信不会被警方识破。为钱工作还是为爱好工作，有人说为爱好工作，认为钱根本不重要，只要自己感爱好，完全可以不要钱，全心全意为人民服务了，好象连BASIC NECESSATIES 都不要，饿着肚皮就可以工作了。（应该说钱不是首要目的，有一些能够满足生活的基本需要就行了，不能成为工作的唯一目的`。）

　　c. 理由不能违反话题的一般性

　　比如：图书馆投资书还是计算机话题， 有人说我们图书馆早已经配备好的全新的PII了，不用再投资计算机了，全部去买书吧。 这就违反了话题的愿意：把两种的媒介对比优胜劣汰。

　　d. 理由不要在政治上敏感。

　　比如：让你重新生活一次，你选择何时何地有人说，选择科索沃，要成为一位杰出将领，重创北约......

　　B、是否可以写折衷型文章。假如可以注重什么？

　　有些话题可以写，但需要周密思维，两者能够有机的协调在一起，还良好语言功底，一般同学成功几率只占20%，所以不建议写。如：室内、室外活动哪个你喜欢，为什么。有人描述了各自好处，结尾综合提到他们共同决定人的健康，一个physically， 一个spiritually. 要注重两面的优点缺点都有所涉及，并提出可行的折衷办法。

　　有些话题是绝对不可以折衷的。比如投资一类的，买书还是买计算机，总不能买旧书和二手电脑吧。

托福写作技巧5

　　step1：找5篇左右的满分作文。最好别用185。

　　step2：通读这5篇，找出比较万用的好句子。

　　这里要说明什么是好句子。

　　1、长短句子没亮点，而且总共也没几个词，达不到凑字数的目的，而且短句一般也不会用什么句型。

　　2、句型复杂。最好有倒装，强调，虚拟语气，排比，比喻诸如此类的形式。

　　3、适用范围广泛。如果把与这篇文章相关的词语划去你一看，还差不多是个句子，这就符合条件。

　　step3：筛选句子。

　　从这5篇中，大概能找到10多句这样的好句，挑出最顺眼的`，背着最痛快的几句记下来。记住，一定不能太多。因为考试时候你要直接写出这几句话，而不是现场从十几句话里面挑选，背的少就选择的时间少，剩下了的时间用来凑字数。

　　step4：排列。

　　把这些你看着顺眼的好句排排顺序，看看哪些放开头，哪些放结尾，哪些放中间段。

托福写作技巧6

　　解决了上一个托福写作问题之后，学生仍然可能会有思路阻塞的现象。这是极其正常的。例如，在比较A和B的时候，说了一段支持A之后发现，再想不到支持A的例子，也先不到反对B的例子，反而想到几个支持A的`例子，甚至是支持B的例子。通常如果有A+或者B-，文章的布局是比较直接和简单的。但问题就是只有A-和B+的时候。如何继续支持A？

　　选择继续支持A的原因有很多，可能因为前面基调已定无法修改，亦可能所有论点比较一下，没有任何一方有压倒性优势，支持A支持B都会遇到上述问题，即直接可用的论点不足。亦可能是作者主观上就是想支持A即便例子一下想不全。

　　其解决方案无非有二。其一是开阔托福考生思路。确保他们能想到足够多的分论点以供使用。这点可以通过万能理由，破题方法，段落展开等等手段来达到。但我们仍需要从其它角度再提供备选方案。方案二就是，如何变废为宝，如何黑白颠倒。换言之，批评你可否不说你的缺点，而改为抨击你的优点？支持我是否可以不说我的优点，而转为反驳我的劣势？这样理论上，无论你想到的论点是A+, A-,B+,B-, 我们都可以用它们来支持任意一个观点。这个原则我叫做好坏正反说，或者叫有利原则，即一切评价取决于评价者所站立场。

　　例如托福课上的一个例子是比较小说和电影，你更喜欢哪个。直接思维的结果是，我觉得小说有好处是比较方便，有一本书哪里都可以看。电影的优点是在家里看比较舒服，而且特效丰富比较精彩直观。传统上，我只能写支持电影，中间写两段。但如果我偏偏喜欢小说。或者写了一段小说方便后才发现没得写了。这个时候如何保住作文分数？甚至写出一篇好的托福文章？颠倒黑白即可。例如，有人说看电影舒服，可是那有啥好的？往家里一坐也不动缓，垃圾食品吃着，碳酸饮料喝着。不健康非常不好。另外有人说特效丰富好。好啥好？一点想象空间都没有了，我就不喜欢那个女演员为什么让她来演小说里面的女一号？毁了我所有期望。我就觉得地下精灵世界是那样的，为啥你拍出来这么不靠谱？你这不是强加给我我不喜欢的东西么？没想象力的人才喜欢看电影。如法炮制，我们最终发现，相当论点是啥完全没关系，我们可以把它们变化一下，用来支持任何我们想支持的观点。

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