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对外加工贸易
对外加工贸易1
1威海市对外加工贸易的现状
1.1从加工贸易总量增幅来看，威海市对外加工贸易保持较高增幅近年来，威海市紧抓日韩产业转移的有利时机，积极发展加工贸易，从无到有、从小到大、由弱变强，逐年递增。截至20xx年，全市实现生产总值2337.86亿元，规模以上工业企业1640家，完成固定资产投资1595.45亿元，对外贸易进出口总额171.19亿美元，实际到账外资8.0亿美元(依据威海招商网公布数据)。
1.2从贸易结构方面来看，威海市及各附属区县进料加工快于来料加工进入21世纪后，威海市在国家及山东省政府的支持下，对外开放力度不断加大，美、日、韩、新加坡、菲律宾等外资企业加快进入，使进料加工在整个威海市加工贸易中的比重不断提高，成为威海市加工贸易的主要方式。
1.3从经营主体结构来看，民营企业虽得到较快发展，外商投资依然占优自20世纪90年代以来，在国家及山东省优惠政策相继出台并落实的基础上，威海市凭借优越的区位优势，使外商投资企业纷纷进入威海。外商投资凭借其在生产技术、管理经验等方面的优势，逐步取代国内企业，成为威海市对外加工贸易的主体。同时，随着威海市相关政策的出台，当地民营企业对外加工贸易如雨后春笋，快速发展。此外，山东骨干企业加工贸易整体推动强势，大企业拉动作用明显。
1.4从出口商品结构来看，高新科技产品出口日益增加威海市凭借优越的地理位置，以胶东半岛高端产业聚集区和最新提出的山东半岛蓝色经济区建设为契机，重点培育港口物流基地、船舶修造及配套基地、滨海旅游休闲度假基地、新能源及配套产业基地、海产品生产及精深加工基地、现代石化基地等六大海洋优势产业基地，努力培植发展五大领域高端产业：现代服务业、高效生态农业、战略性产业、新技术产业、先进制造业。因而高新技术产品加工贸易得以迅速发展，在整个威海市加工贸易中的比重日益提高。
2威海市对外加工贸易存在的问题
在发展的过程中，威海市的对外加工贸易不可避免地面临着一系列发展瓶颈问题，具体来说分为以下几个方面：
2.1威海市对外加工贸易中出口商品结构不合理虽然近年来威海市对外加工贸易出口商品结构有了较大程度的改观，但与沿海发达省份的地级市，如温州、无锡、苏州、泉州相比，仍然存在一定差距。纵观威海地区加工贸易，农副产品、纺织类等劳动密集型产品占比重较大，影响了威海市对外加工贸易的整体结构水平。
2.2加工贸易产业链短，对经济增长和产业拉动作用有限尽管加工贸易对威海市对外贸易的快速发展起到了一定的拉动作用，但由于威海市对外加工贸易中很大一部分是劳动密集型产业，技术含量相对较低，且仍处于简单装配加工阶段，国内生产主要集中在产业链下游，因而利润较低，加工贸易的示范带动效应相对偏弱。外商投资企业往往对所在企业先进技术实行严格垄断，引进外资所期盼的技术外溢效应不明显。
2.3.威海市对外加工贸易企业大多缺乏所有权优势威海市对外加工贸易企业很少有当地特色品牌，缺乏所有权优势。大多数企业只能进行微利的贴牌生产，成为制约威海市对外加工贸易发展的瓶颈之一。
3威海市对外加工贸易转型升级对策
面对以上问题，威海市对外加工贸易亟须转型升级，具体来说，需要做到以下几个方面：
3.1政府要完善引资政策，推进对外加工贸易企业转型升级稳定的加工贸易扶持政策体系是稳步推进加工贸易转型升级的'必要条件。这就要求威海市除了在制定税收优惠政策、进出口设备政策、园区配套设施等相关转入产业的优惠政策之外，还要制定相应的财政优惠政策，以改善产业成长与发展的软环境，简化有关投资项目审批办事程序，为客商主动搞好各项服务。同时扶持并引导威海市对外加工贸易企业走出一条以自主创新为核心的转型升级之路。
3.2对外加工企业需提高产业品牌，增加高科技附加值，延长国内价值链产业链条较短、科技含量不高，是制约威海市对外加工贸易发展的根本原因。威海市加工贸易转型升级要在提高产业层次和加工深度上下功夫，从提高加工贸易附加值入手，大力发展国内配套产业，同时大力吸引国外技术。近年来，全球制造业价值链在我国的布局日益系统化，跨国公司近年在华投资加大了在价值链上游研发环节的投资。威海市应抓住价值链模块化的机遇，利用跨国公司投资的技术扩散效应，鼓励企业加强国际间的科研交流与合作，把对外加工贸易作为承接国际产业转移的有效平台。要采取加大对大型跨国企业的吸引力度、鼓励外商投资企业设立研发中心等措施提升加工贸易水平档次，充分利用跨国公司技术溢出效应，将劳动力优势转换成产业技术优势。
3.3结合山东半岛蓝色经济区相关规划，因地制宜发展海洋产业山东半岛蓝色经济区本质是培育海洋优势产业、科学开发海洋资源并大力发展海洋经济。因此，山东省威海市要审时度势，乘势而上，在选择承接相关产业时，应注重充分发挥临海产业优势，充分发展船舶产业、海洋开发与保护产业、现代渔业、电子信息产业、医药产业、新材料产业、新能源等产业。
3.4形成产业集群，提升三个国家级经济开发区和十个省级旅游经济开发区的承载能力产业园区被公认为区域品牌建设的最佳载体。威海市产业园区现在做得比较好，威海市现有威海火炬高技术产业开发区、威海出口加工区、威海经济技术开发区三个国家级经济开发区，另有乳山经济开发区、文登经济开发区、荣成经济开发区、荣成工业园区等十个省级旅游经济开发区。威海市应充分发挥所辖的三个国家级经济开发区和十个省级旅游经济开发区的投资洼地效应，引进有可能形成产业链的企业集群。在园区建设中，威海市及所辖乳山、荣成等区县应注重高起点规划园区，多层次建设产业园区，设置合理的企业准入机制，把威海市打造成不断扩大园区的产业生态空间，加强产业链的密集程度的极具吸引力的国外先进产业转移的目的地。
总之，要实现对外加工贸易成功转型升级，威海市任重而道远。所辖区要完善引资政策，将主要精力放在对外加工贸易企业上面，引导和扶持企业走出一条以自主创新为核心的转型升级之路；创新提高产业品牌建设水平，形成在当地甚至是国际上有影响力的知名品牌，增加产品高科技成分，提高进出口技术含量，延长国内产业价值链；同时因地制宜发展特色产业；形成产业集群，提升三个国家级经济开发区和十个省级旅游经济开发区的承载能力，使威海市对外加工贸易更快更好更可持续地发展。
对外加工贸易2
THE CONTRACT FOR SINO-FOREIGN COOPERATIVE JOINT VENTURE
Chapter 11 Labor Management
Article 30 Labor contract covering the recruitment, employment, dismissal andresignation, wages, labor insurance, welfare, rewards, penalties and othermatters concerning the staff and workers of the cooperative venturecompany shall be drawn up between the cooperative venture company and thetrade union of the cooperative venture company as a whole, or theindividual employees in the cooperative venture company as a whole orindividual employees in accordance with the law of the People’’s Republicof China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures. The labor contracts shall, after being signed, be filed with the locallabor management department.
Article 31 The appointment of high-ranking administrative personnel recommendedby both parties, their salaries, social insurance, welfare and thestandard of travelling expenses etc. shall be decided by the meeting ofthe board of directors.
Chapter 12 Taxes, Finance and Audit
Article 32 The cooperative venture company shall pay taxes in accordance with theprovisions of Chinese laws and other relative regulations.
Article 33 Staff members and workers of the cooperative venture company shall payindividual income tax according to the Individual Income Tax Law of thePeople’’s Republic of China.
Article 34 The fiscal year of the joint venture company shall be from January 1to December 31. All vouchers, receipts, statistic statements and reportsshall be written in Chinese. (Note: A foreign language can be used concurrently with mutualconsent).
Article 35 Financial checking and examination of the cooperative venture companyshall be conducted by an auditor registered in China and reports shall besubmitted to the board of directors and the general manager. In case Party B considers it necessary to employ a foreign auditorregistered in another country to undertake annual financial checking andexamination, Party A shall give its consent. All the expenses thereofshall be borne by Party B.
Article 36 In the first three months of each fiscal year, the manager shallprepare the previous year’’s balance sheet, profit and loss statement andproposal regarding the disposal of profits, and submit them to the boardof directors for examination and approval.
Chapter 13 Duration of the Cooperative Venture
Article 37 The duration of the cooperative venture company is______ years. Theestablishment date of the joint venture company shall be the date on whichthe business license of the cooperative venture company is issued. An application for the extension of the duration, proposed by oneparty and unanimously approved by the board of directors, shall besubmitted to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (orthe examination and approval authority entrusted by it) six months priorto the expiry date of the joint venture.
Chapter 14 The Disposal of Assets after the Expiration of the Duration
Article 38 Upon the expiration of the duration, the assets shall belong to PartyA.
Chapter 15 Insurance
Article 39 Insurance policies of the joint venture company on various kinds ofrisks shall be underwritten with the People’’s Republic of China. Types,value and duration of insurance shall be decided by the board of directorsin accordance with the provisions of the People’’s Insurance Company ofChina.
Chapter 16 The Amendment, Alteration and Termination of the Con- tract
Article 40 The amendment of the contract or other appendices shall come intoforce only after a written agreement has been signed by Party A and PartyB and approved by the original examination and approval authority.
Article 41 In case of inability to fulfil the contract or to continue operationdue to heavy losses in successive years as a result of force majeure, theduration of the cooperative venture and the contract shall be terminatedbefore the time of expiration after being unanimously agreed upon by theboard of directors and approved by the original examination and approvalauthority.
对外加工贸易3
THE CONTRACT FOR SINO-FOREIGN COOPERATIVE JOINT VENTURE
Chapter 17 Liability for Breach of Contract
Article 42 Should the cooperative venture company be unable to continue itsoperation or achieve its business purpose due to the fact that one of thecontracting parties fails to fulfil the obligations prescribed by thecontract and articles of association, or seriously violates the provisionsof the contract and articles of association, that party shall be deemed tohave unilaterally terminated the contract. The other party shall have theright to terminate the contract in accordance with the provisions of thecontract after approval by the original examination and approvalauthority, and to claim damages. In case Party A and Party B of thecooperative venture company agree to continue the operation, the party whofails to fulfil its obligations shall be liable for the economic lossescaused thereby to the joint venture company.
Article 43 Should either Party A or Party B fail to provide on schedule thecontributions in accordance with the provisions defined in Chapter 5 ofthis contract, the party in breach shall pay to the other party________Yuan, or __________% of the contribution starting from the firstmonth after exceeding the time limit. Should the party in breach fail toprovide after ______months, _________Yuan, or _________% of thecontribution shall be paid to the other party, who shall have the right toterminate the contract and to claim damages from the party in breach inaccordance with the provisions of Article 42 of the contract.
Article 44 Should all or part of the contract and its appendices be unable to befulfilled owing to the fault of one party, the party in breach shall bearthe liability therefor. Should it be the fault of both parties, they shallbear their respective liabilities according to the actual situation.
Article 45 In order to guarantee the performance of the contract and itsappendices, both Party A and Party B shall provide each other with bankguarantees for performance of the contract within __________days after thecontract comes into force.
Chapter 18 Force Majeure
Article 46 Should either of the parties to the contract be prevented fromexecuting the contract by force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon,flood, fire, war or other unforeseen events, and their occurrence andconsequences are unpreventable and unavoidable, the prevented party shallnotify the other party by telegram without any delay, and within 15 daysthereafter provide detailed information of the events and a valid documentfor evidence issued by the relevant public notary organization explainingthe reason of its inability to execute or delay the execution of all orpart of the contract. Both parties shall, through consultations, decidewhether to terminate the contract or to exempt part of the obligations forimplementation of the contract or whether to delay the execution of thecontract according to the effects of the events on the performance of thecontract.
Chapter 19 Applicable Law
Article 47 The formation, validity, interpretation, execution and settlement ofdisputes in respect of, this contract shall be governed by the relevantlaws of the People’’s Republic of China.
Chapter 20 Settlement of Disputes
Article 48 Any disputes arising from the execution of, or in connection with, thecontract shall be settled through friendly consultations between bothparties. In case no settlement can be reached through consultations, thedisputes shall be submitted to the Foreign Economic and Trade ArbitrationCommission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Tradefor arbitration in accordance with its rules of procedure. The arbitralaward is final and binding upon both parties.
Article 49 During the arbitration, the contract shall be observed and enforced byboth parties except for the matters in dispute.
Chapter 21 Language
Article 50 The contract shall be written in Chinese and in ____________. Bothlanguage versions are equally authentic. In the event of any discrepancybetween the two aforementioned versions, the Chinese version shallprevail.
Chapter 22 Effectiveness of the Contract and Miscellaneous
Article 51 The appendices drawn up in accordance with the principles of thiscontract are integral parts of this contract, including: the projectagreement, the technology transfer agreement, the sales agreement etc.
Article 52 The contract and its appendices shall come into force commencing fromthe date of approval of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and EconomicCooperation of the People’’s Republic of China (or its entrustedexamination and approval authority).
Article 53 Should notices in connection with any party’’s rights and obligationsbe sent by either Party A or Party B by telegram or telex, etc., theWritten letter notices shall be also required afterwards. The legaladdresses of Party A and Party B listed in this contract shall be theposting addresses.
对外加工贸易4
THE CONTRACT FOR SINO-FOREIGN COOPERATIVE JOINT VENTURE
Chapter 1 General Provisions
In accordance with the Law of the People’’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures and other relevant Chinese laws andregulations, _______________Company and _________Company, in accordancewith the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through friendlyconsultations, agree to jointly set up a Cooperative venture in _______the People’’s Republic of China.
Chapter 2 Parties of the Cooperative VentureArticle
1 Parties to this contract are as follows: _________Company (hereinafterreferred to as Party A), registered with ______in China, and its legaladdress is at____________(street)_______(district)_____________(city)_____________China. Legal representative: Name: Position: Nationality: ___________Company (hereinafter referred to as Party B), registeredwith_______. Its legal address at___________. Legal representative: Name: Position: Nationality: (Note: In case there are more than two investors, they will be calledParty C, D... in proper order).
Chapter 3 Establishment of the Cooperative Venture Company
Article 2 In accordance with the Cooperative Venture Law and other relevantChinese laws and regulations, both parties of the Cooperative ventureagree to set up ___________Cooperative venture limited liability company(hereinafter referred to as the Cooperative venture company).
Article 3 The name of the Cooperative venture company is______________ LimitedLiability Company. The name in foreign language is _________. The legal address of the joint venture company is at__________street________(city)____________province.
Article 4 All activities of the Cooperative venture company shall be governed bythe laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of the People’’sRepublic of China.
Article 5 The organization form of the Cooperative venture company is a limitedliability company. The profits, risks and losses of the Cooperativeventure company shall be shared by the parties according to the relevantprovisions thereafter.
Chapter 4 The Purpose, Scope and Scale of Production and Business
Article 6 The goals of the parties to the Cooperative venture are to enhanceeconomic cooperation technical exchanges, to improve the product quality,develop new products, and gain a competitive position in the world marketin quality and price by adopting advanced and appropriate technology andscientific management methods, so as to raise economic results and ensuresatisfactory economic benefits for each Cooperator. (Note: This article shall be written according to the specificsituations in the contract).
Article 7 The productive and business scope of the Cooperative venture companyis to produce ________products; provide maintenance service after the saleof the products; study and develop new products. (Note: It shall be written in the contract according to the specificconditions).
Article 8 The production scale of the Cooperative venture company is as follows: 1. The production capacity after the Cooperative venture is put intooperation is _________. 2. The production scale may be increased up to_____________ with thedevelopment of the production and operation. The product varieties may bedeveloped into ____________. (Note: It shall be written according to the specific situation).
Chapter 5 Total Amount of Investment and the Registered Capital
Article 9 The total amount of investment of the Cooperative venture company isRMB____________(or a foreign currency agreed upon by both parties).
Article 10 The registered capital of the joint venture company is RMB __________.(Exclusive of the right to the use of the site or the right to theexploitation of the natural resources and premises contributed by PartyA.)
Article 11 Party A and Party B will contribute the following to the cooperativeventure: Party A: premises__________m2 the right to the use of the site_________m2 Party B: cash ______________Yuan machines and equipment ____________Yuan industrial property __________Yuan others _____________Yuan, ___________Yuan in all. (Note: When contributing industrial property as investment, Party Aand Party B shall conclude a separate contract to be a part of this maincontract).
Article 12 The right to the use of site contributed by Party A shall be for theuse of the cooperative venture company within _______________days afterthe approval of the contract. The cash contributed by Party B shall be paid in_______________installment. Each installment shall be as follows: (Note: it shall be written according to the concrete conditions).
Article 13 The machines and equipment contributed by Party B as investment shallmeet the needs of the cooperative venture company, and shall be carried tothe Chinese port_________ days before the completion of the premisesconstruction.
对外加工贸易5
本合同于_________年_________月_________日在中国_________市签订。
甲方：中国_________公司法定地址：_________电话：_________电传：_________
乙方：_________国_________公司法定地址：_________电话：_________电传：_________
双方在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，特订立本合同。
第一条贸易内容
（一）乙方同意按甲方在合同中提出的严格标准和规格，用甲方提供的原料生产甲方指定的产品。
（二）加工成品名称和数量
1、成品名称：_________。
2、成品数量：_________。
第二条加工成品规格根据乙方提供的设计原型，图纸与产品样品，甲乙双方共同制定规范，以满足生产的需要，这种规范要符合加工成品的质量和性能标准。此规范一经双方确定，任何变动只有依双方书面协议修改。
第三条原材料供应
（一）本协议期间，最迟在每个公历季度前_________月，甲方应向乙方提供该季度甲方定货所需的生产原材料和消耗材料。
（二）乙方收到甲方提供的原材料后，应按甲方指定的检查方法立即对原材料进行检查，并将其结果在检查完毕后_________天内向甲方报告。
不符合甲方规格要求的原材料不能用来生产指定产品。
第四条加工费
（一）加工单价1、_________型_________美元/个2、_________
（二）生产指定产品的加工费应该按上述价格执行并在第一个_________年期内不变。在此_________年期后，乙方可在不少于_________是给甲方以书面通知，以求改变加工费。
如果甲方接到改变加工费的通知后_________月内不作改变，此协议可以终止。
第五条支付条款关于加工费的支付、甲方至少应在每次完工的货物装船_________天以前，由经乙方认可的银行开立以乙方为受益人，金额足以支付装船货物的保兑的不可撤销的信用证。该信用证凭乙方的商业发票、全套提单、装箱单和商检证明议付。
第六条技术资料和技术服务
（一）乙方同意向甲方提供组装加工成品所需的图纸，说明书及成品测试、检查标准等。
（二）甲方同意对乙方在加工装配技术方面的质疑予以适当解答。
（三）在合同有效期内，根据乙方请求，乙方同意派遣其工程技术人员到乙方工厂进行与加工装配有关的技术指导。甲方派遣工程技术人员的所有旅行费用和生活费用将由乙方承担。
（四）在合同有效期内，根据乙方请求，甲方同意乙方人员到甲方工厂接受有关加工装配的技术培训。但乙方每次派遣人数不得超过_________人，停留时间不得超过_________天。乙方派遣人员的所有旅行费用和生活费用将由乙方承担。
第七条质量控制和检测
（一）生产的成品应由甲方指定的代理人或检验人进行检验，证明产品与甲方指定的质量标准和规范一致。
（二）如果出现产品不符合甲方标准的情况，甲方可拒绝收货。但，甲方可根据甲乙双方视每次具体情况的折扣议价予以接受。
（三）乙方为甲方生产的产品至少应与目前第三者销售的类似产品质量相同。
第八条包装与标记产品要严格按照甲方的指示和出口货物商品常规进行合适包装。
包装要严格按甲方指示注明标记。
甲方应至少在货物完工交运前_________天给乙方标记指示。
在和条件下，乙方应在装船期前_________天内将船只、船籍、船龄用电传/传真方式通知甲方。
在未得甲方确认时，装运不得进行。
甲方应在_________工作日内予以确认，否则即认为船只得到认可。
第九条装运及交货在和条件下，乙方应在装船期前_________天内将船名、船籍、船龄用电传/传真方式通知甲方。
第十条料件耗用在加工装配过程中的料件耗用率为_________%。
料件耗用率低于_________%，甲方将免费补充提供已耗用的料件。如料件耗用率超过_________%，乙方将承担补充耗用料件所发生的一切费用。
第十一条所有权和风险转移甲方交给乙方的原材料和用此生产的产品所有权、原材料或产品丢失的或损坏的风险，全部归甲方。
不过，从乙方收到运来的材料起至交付产品给甲方时止，乙方经甲方同意，用甲方的.费用，在保险公司就货物的各种损坏、毁灭和丢失购买的全值保险，甲方应为此保险的收益人。
第十二条不可抗力任何一方对由于下列原因而导致不能或暂时不能履行全部或部分合同义务的，不负责任：水灾、火灾、地震、干旱、战争或其他任何双方在签约时不能预料、无法控制且不能避免和克服的事件。
但不可抗力影响的一方，应尽快地将所发生的事件通知对方，并应在事件发生后15天内将有关机构出具的不可抗力事件的证明寄交对方。
如果不可抗力事件之影响超过122天，双方应协商合同继续履行或终止履行的事宜。
第十三条仲裁对于因履行本合同发生的一切争议，双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。
仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束力。
仲裁费用应由败诉一方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
第十四条合同有效期本合同自双方签字之日起生效，有效期_________年。
第十五条合同修改对本合同的修改，必须对甲、乙双方签署书面协议才能成立。
第十六条文字本合同用中文和_________文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。
上述两种文本如有不符，以中文本为准。
甲方（盖章）：_________
代表人（签字）：_________
职务：_________
乙方（盖章）：_________
代表人（签字）：_________
职务：_________
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